Lori Corpuz · A Research Program

Complexity Economics

A mastery pathway toward the Reimagining Economics Winter School

Santa Fe Institute · ADIA Lab · Khalifa University · Abu Dhabi · January 3–17, 2027

Who accumulates when cognition is free — and which measurement conventions decide that?

The Lane

Valuation conventions as distributive institutions: the study of how the accounting objects that allocate capital — analyst price targets, DCF, capex-to-D&A, cost of capital — are social conventions that produce the distributions they claim to measure, and what happens to that machinery when cognition goes to zero marginal cost.

Continuity

Armstrong’s edge thesis is already a performativity claim: analyst anchoring as a convention that partly constitutes the price it estimates. A live trading book as empirical evidence for a social-studies-of-finance argument.

Legibility

The workshop’s lines of inquiry — embeddedness, value, the social structure of accumulation — are exactly where capital-allocation conventions sit. This supplies the firm-level mechanism to a literature working at household scale.

Occupancy

The complexity economics of AI itself is the field’s biggest open gap, and performativity is the bridge into it. Essentially no one holds this ground who also trades.

19
Weeks to Abu Dhabi
·/23
Milestones
·/20
Library
I–V

The Pathway

I

Formal Foundations

Aug – Sep 2026 · 0/6

Hold the complexity-science toolkit cold: agent-based modeling, emergent distributions, non-ergodic dynamics. This is the half of the room that is already home turf — make it unimpeachable.

  • Confirm admission status and secure the seat

    Verify whether the passKey link is an invitation to apply or an admission — the program describes selection through an open call. Submit whatever is required, immediately. Everything else on this page assumes the seat.

  • Complete SFI Complexity Explorer: Introduction to Complexity

    Full course with exercises, not audit mode. Keep a running note of every concept that maps to markets — the note becomes vocabulary for the workshop.

  • Complete SFI Complexity Explorer: Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling

    NetLogo throughout. The point is fluency in the modeling idiom the room shares, not the tool itself — the real models get rebuilt in Python.

  • Replicate the Sugarscape wealth-distribution result

    Epstein & Axtell, chapter II: identical agents, emergent Pareto tail. Own implementation, own writeup of why the skew emerges without any behavioral assumption.

  • Build the ergodicity-economics simulation

    Multiplicative wealth dynamics: show time-average growth diverging from ensemble-average growth, and inequality emerging from non-ergodicity alone. This is the single highest-leverage tool in the lane — Peters (2019) as the source.

  • Read Axtell on firm sizes and firm formation; write the summary memo

    Zipf distribution of U.S. firm sizes (Science, 2001) plus the 120-million-agent firm-formation model. Canonical inequality-generating ABM — assumed knowledge in the room.

II

The Anthropological Vocabulary

Sep – Oct 2026 · 0/5

Half the room will be ethnographers. Learn the language they think in — embeddedness, the gift, debt, value — well enough to be argued with, not politely tolerated.

  • Polanyi, The Great Transformation — read and memo

    Embeddedness is the vocabulary everyone in the room shares. The memo states the double-movement argument and where valuation conventions sit inside it.

  • Mauss, The Gift — read and memo

    Short and foundational. The question to carry: what is the gift-logic residue inside modern capital allocation — reciprocity in analyst access, IPO allocations, information flow?

  • Graeber, Debt — read and take a position

    Contested by economists but the lingua franca of the room. The deliverable is a one-page written position: what survives scrutiny, what does not, and what the credit-before-barter claim implies for valuation conventions.

  • Ho, Liquidated — read and critique in detail

    The ethnography of Wall Street that shows shareholder value being enacted rather than discovered. The closest existing work to the lane — the critique must identify precisely what it misses at the level of measurement machinery.

  • Write the vocabulary synthesis: valuation conventions in anthropological terms

    One essay translating the lane into the room’s language: price targets as conventions, accounting objects as institutions, accumulation as reproduced hierarchy at firm level.

III

The Bridge — Performativity

Oct – Nov 2026 · 0/4

The load-bearing theory: models do not describe markets, they make them. This is where the Armstrong edge thesis becomes a social-studies-of-finance claim with a P&L attached.

  • MacKenzie, An Engine, Not a Camera — read closely

    How Black-Scholes made the world it described. The load-bearing text of the entire lane; read with a notebook, chapter by chapter.

  • Callon, introduction to The Laws of the Markets — read

    The theoretical statement of performativity. Dense; the memo restates it in plain terms with one worked market example.

  • Beunza & Stark, Tools of the Trade — read

    Reflexive modeling inside a trading room — the micro-level mechanism. Directly parallel to how Armstrong actually operates.

  • Write the Armstrong performativity essay

    State the fund’s edge thesis — analyst anchoring creates durable mispricings — as a performativity claim, with evidence from the live book. Almost nobody in that room trades; this document is the credential.

IV

The Instrument

Nov – Dec 2026 · 0/4

The anti-dilettante rule: the lane only counts if it produces something falsifiable. Build the empirical artifact and the model that carry the argument.

  • Capex-to-D&A empirical study of the hyperscalers

    Collect the depreciation-schedule extensions (MSFT, GOOG, AMZN, META, 2020–2026), quantify the reported-earnings impact, and trace the analyst-target response. The measurement moves the world — show it in the data.

  • Build the performative-convention ABM

    Depreciation convention feeds reported earnings, feeds analyst targets, feeds cost of capital, feeds actual capex, feeds industry capital structure. The Oxford ABM reframed in the room’s language.

  • Draft the ergodicity lightning talk

    Dave’s DCA-and-hold-capital-back instinct is a time-average growth argument he lacks the vocabulary for. Five minutes, one simulation, one live-book example.

  • Lock the hypotheses and pre-register the tests

    H1 through H3 stated falsifiably, data and method fixed before results are looked at. The pre-registration document is itself an artifact for the room.

V

The Room

Dec 2026 – Jan 2027 · 0/4

Synthesis and delivery. Walk in with a position on every shared text, one falsifiable artifact, and a five-minute talk that no one else in the room could give.

  • Finish the lightning talk: capex-to-D&A as a performative convention

    Slides and a five-minute script. Rehearsed, timed, ruthless. One claim, one mechanism, one chart from the empirical study.

  • Draft the section for the Michael Ralph paper

    The workshop output lands as a section of the joint paper, not a separate track. Firm-level accumulation mechanism supplied to a literature that works at household and community scale.

  • Position statements ready on the shared canon

    One paragraph each, held in memory: Polanyi, Mauss, Graeber, Ho, MacKenzie. The test is being able to disagree specifically at dinner.

  • Sequence Oxford → Abu Dhabi and protect the Armstrong book

    Oxford in December, Abu Dhabi January 3–17, roughly ten weeks before the 12-month track record closes. Plan coverage of the book for two residential weeks before committing.

§

The Library

Six books and two papers form the spine — the anti-dilettante rule holds. Foundation titles close specific gaps; reference titles are read for their argument, not their pages. Every entry links to a place to read it; open PDFs read inside the site with highlights, and each book carries a memo that saves as you write.

Sign in to read PDFs in the built-in reader and keep memos as you go.

Complexity Economics Foundations

0/5

The formal toolkit and its founding arguments. Mostly held already — the additions close the gaps the room will assume.

  • Complexity and the EconomyW. Brian Arthur, 2014Foundation

    The founding statement: increasing returns, non-equilibrium, the El Farol problem. Arthur is SFI royalty — his framing is the house dialect.

  • Making Sense of ChaosJ. Doyne Farmer, 2024Foundation

    The current statement of complexity economics as a predictive program. Farmer is the bridge to the Oxford work and the CEcon collaboration.

  • The Origin of WealthEric Beinhocker, 2006Reference

    The accessible synthesis. Skim for the map of the field; the primary sources above carry the weight.

  • Growing Artificial SocietiesEpstein & Axtell, 1996Spine

    Sugarscape: emergent wealth distributions from identical agents. The replication in Stage I comes from chapter II.

  • Complexity: A Guided TourMelanie Mitchell, 2009Reference

    General complexity-science grounding — information, computation, evolution. Read where the SFI coursework feels thin.

Anthropology of Value

0/4

The vocabulary half the room thinks in. Non-negotiable, new territory — this is Stage II.

  • The Great TransformationKarl Polanyi, 1944Spine

    Embeddedness — the shared vocabulary of the entire workshop. Markets as instituted processes, not natural facts.

  • The GiftMarcel Mauss, 1925Spine

    Short, foundational. Exchange as social obligation — the deep background to every claim about what a transaction is.

  • Debt: The First 5,000 YearsDavid Graeber, 2011Spine

    Contested by economists, but the lingua franca. A position on it will be expected — agreement optional, engagement mandatory.

  • Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall StreetKaren Ho, 2009Spine

    Shareholder value enacted rather than discovered. The closest existing work to the lane — the one to critique in detail.

Social Studies of Finance

0/4

The bridge between the two halves of the room: models make the markets they claim to describe. Stage III lives here.

Inequality, Ergodicity & Distribution

0/4

The workshop’s focal application is inequality. These supply the generating mechanisms — no behavioral assumptions required.

Valuation & Conventions Theory

0/3

The lane’s own shelf: value as convention, expectations as fictions, worth as an order. Where the original contribution will sit.

  • The Empire of ValueAndré Orléan, 2011Foundation

    The French conventions school, directly on point: value is not measured by markets but constituted by them.

  • Imagined FuturesJens Beckert, 2016Foundation

    Fictional expectations as the engine of capitalist dynamics — DCF as an instrument of imagination. Very close to the lane.

  • On Justification: Economies of WorthBoltanski & Thévenot, 1991Reference

    Orders of worth — the theoretical deep end of conventions theory. Enter only if the room pulls the conversation there.

H

The Hypotheses

The lane only counts if it produces something falsifiable. Tests are fixed before results are examined.

H1

Hyperscaler depreciation-schedule extensions (2020–2026) shifted analyst price targets beyond what contemporaneous fundamentals explain.

Test · Event study on schedule-change disclosures: target revisions and earnings-estimate dispersion around each extension, controlling for guidance and macro. Falsified if targets track cash economics rather than reported earnings.

H2

Analyst anchoring conventions create durable mispricings — the convention partly constitutes the price it purports to estimate.

Test · Armstrong live book as the evidence base: persistence of anchoring-driven dislocations against a null of rapid convergence. Falsified if dislocations close at the speed an information-only model predicts.

H3

Non-ergodic multiplicative dynamics are sufficient to generate observed firm-level accumulation patterns — no behavioral assumptions required.

Test · ABM calibrated to the Axtell firm-size facts with convention-mediated capital costs; compare generated distributions to Compustat tails. Falsified if the fit requires heterogeneous behavioral parameters.

Δ

The Artifacts

The Lightning Talk

Capex-to-D&A as a performative convention: extending depreciation schedules changes reported earnings, changes analyst targets, changes cost of capital, changes actual capex, changes industry capital structure. The measurement moves the world. Five minutes, one chart.

The Empirical Study

Hyperscaler depreciation extensions 2020–2026: quantified earnings impact and traced analyst response. The falsifiable core of H1.

The Model

An agent-based model in which the accounting convention is an agent-visible institution: convention → earnings → targets → cost of capital → capex. The Oxford ABM, reframed for this room.

The Paper Section

A section of the Michael Ralph collaboration: the firm-level accumulation mechanism supplied to an inequality literature that works at household and community scale.